De l’intermédialité au multimédia : cinéma, médias, avènement du son

Prenant en considération l'époque de l'avènement du son aux États-Unis, cet article interroge à la fois les différences entre intermédialité et multimédia et les processus qui mènent de l'une à l'autre. Il propose que le passage de l'intermédialité au multimédia comporte systématiquement trois opérations indépendantes mais reliées : la citation, l'exploitation et la séparation.Concentrating on Hollywood's conversion to sound, this article analyzes the differences between intermediality and multimedia, as well as the processes that lead from one to the other. The article proposes a new hypothesis regarding the passage from intermediality to multimedia, identifying three independent but related operations : quotation, exploitation, and separation

Cinema sound at the crossroads : a century of identity crises

Diffusé avec l'accord de Peter Lang, détenteur des droits d'auteur sur ce texte. https://www.peterlang.com/view/product/1164

Film sound : all of it

L'article est paru la première fois dans Iris, no 17 (1999), p. 31-48, et est mis en ligne avec l'aimable autorisation de la revue Iris

What it means to write the history of cinema

Diffusé avec l'accord de Nodus, détenteur des droits d'auteur sur ce texte.Collection : Film and Medien in der Diskussion ;

Toward a theory of the history of representational technologies

L'article est paru la première fois dans Iris, no 2 (1984), p. 111-125, et est mis en ligne avec l'aimable autorisation de la revue Iris

Guidelines for reporting embedded recruitment trials

Background: Recruitment to clinical trials is difficult with many trials failing to recruit to target and within time. Embedding trials of recruitment interventions within host trials may provide a successful way to improve this. There are no guidelines for reporting such embedded methodology trials. As part of the Medical Research Council funded Systematic Techniques for Assisting Recruitment to Trials (MRC START) programme designed to test interventions to improve recruitment to trials, we developed guidelines for reporting embedded trials. Methods: We followed a three-phase guideline development process: (1) pre-meeting literature review to generate items for the reporting guidelines; (2) face-to-face consensus meetings to draft the reporting guidelines; and (3)post-meeting feedback review, and pilot testing, followed by finalisation of the reporting guidelines. Results: We developed a reporting checklist based on the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement 2010. Embedded trials evaluating recruitment interventions should follow the CONSORT statement 2010 and report all items listed as essential. We used a number of examples to illustrate key issues that arise in embedded trials and how best to report them, including (a) how to deal with description of the host trial; (b) the importance of describing items that may differ in the host and embedded trials (such as the setting and the eligible population); and (c) the importance of identifying clearly the point at which the recruitment interventions were embedded in the host trial. Conclusions: Implementation of these guidelines will improve the quality of reports of embedded recruitment trials while advancing the science, design and conduct of embedded trials as a whole

Informing the Design of Privacy-Empowering Tools for the Connected Home

Connected devices in the home represent a potentially grave new privacy threat due to their unfettered access to the most personal spaces in people's lives. Prior work has shown that despite concerns about such devices, people often lack sufficient awareness, understanding, or means of taking effective action. To explore the potential for new tools that support such needs directly we developed Aretha, a privacy assistant technology probe that combines a network disaggregator, personal tutor, and firewall, to empower end-users with both the knowledge and mechanisms to control disclosures from their homes. We deployed Aretha in three households over six weeks, with the aim of understanding how this combination of capabilities might enable users to gain awareness of data disclosures by their devices, form educated privacy preferences, and to block unwanted data flows. The probe, with its novel affordances-and its limitations-prompted users to co-adapt, finding new control mechanisms and suggesting new approaches to address the challenge of regaining privacy in the connected home.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '20

The Undersea World of the Sound Department: the Construction of Sonic Conventions in Sub-aqua Screen Environments

The availability of new underwater cameras and sub-aqua diving gear in the immediate post-war era opened up exciting possibilities for both narrative and documentary filmmakers. While the visual elements of this new world could now be more easily captured on film, the sound elements of the sub-aqua environment remained more elusive. What did, or should, this undersea world sound like? This article examines the use of sound in the sub-aqua scenes of both fictional and documentary films in the 1950s and asks questions about the methods used in the sonification of these worlds. Comparing the operation of underwater sound and human hearing with the production and post-production strategies used by filmmakers, I seek to identify the emergence of a sound convention and its implications for issues of cinematic realism. Central to this convention is the manipulation of sonic frequencies. The sound strategies adopted also raise questions about the malleability of viewer perspective and sound-image relationship in terms of a realist mode of address. Linked to this is the use of sound to enhance audience experience on an affective level. As well as underpinning cinematic realism, these new sound environments offered fresh experiences to audiences seeking new reasons to visit the cinema in an era of widening forms of entertainment